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- Title
Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock.
- Authors
Dhruva, Sanket S.; Ross, Joseph S.; Mortazavi, Bobak J.; Hurley, Nathan C.; Krumholz, Harlan M.; Curtis, Jeptha P.; Berkowitz, Alyssa P.; Masoudi, Frederick A.; Messenger, John C.; Parzynski, Craig S.; Ngufor, Che G.; Girotra, Saket; Amin, Amit P.; Shah, Nilay D.; Desai, Nihar R.
- Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the demographic, clinical, and institutional characteristics as well as other features of users of hemodynamic support therapies after a percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Key Points: Question: What are the trends in the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, including intravascular microaxial left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and intra-aortic balloon pumps, among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock? Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 28 304 patients, the use of intravascular microaxial LVADs increased between October 2015 and December 2017, with a corresponding relative decrease in use of intra-aortic balloon pumps and significant hospital-level variation in MCS device use. Meaning: Results of this study indicated that, despite little to no evidence from clinical trials that demonstrates improved outcomes with use of MCS devices in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, persistent use of MCS devices was observed, including a substantial increase in intravascular microaxial LVADs. Importance: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, including intravascular microaxial left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs), are used in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock despite limited evidence of their clinical benefit. Objective: To examine trends in the use of MCS devices among patients who underwent PCI for AMI with cardiogenic shock, hospital-level use variation, and factors associated with use. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used the CathPCI and Chest Pain-MI Registries of the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Patients who underwent PCI for AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock between October 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, were identified from both registries. Data were analyzed from October 2018 to August 2020. Exposures: Therapies to provide hemodynamic support were categorized as intravascular microaxial LVAD, IABP, TandemHeart, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LVAD, other devices, combined IABP and intravascular microaxial LVAD, combined IABP and other device (defined as TandemHeart, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LVAD, or another MCS device), or medical therapy only. Main Outcomes and Measures: Use of MCS devices overall and specific MCS devices, including intravascular microaxial LVAD, at both patient and hospital levels and variables associated with use. Results: Among the 28 304 patients included in the study, the mean (SD) age was 65.4 (12.6) years and 18 968 were men (67.0%). The overall MCS device use was constant from the fourth quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2017, although use of intravascular microaxial LVADs significantly increased (from 4.1% to 9.8%; P <.001), whereas use of IABPs significantly decreased (from 34.8% to 30.0%; P <.001). A significant hospital-level variation in MCS device use was found. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) proportion of patients who received MCS devices was 42% (30%-54%), and the median proportion of patients who received intravascular microaxial LVADs was 1% (0%-10%). In multivariable analyses, cardiac arrest at first medical contact or during hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% CI, 1.58-2.09) and severe left main and/or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.20-1.54) were patient characteristics that were associated with higher odds of receiving intravascular microaxial LVADs only compared with IABPs only. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that, among patients who underwent PCI for AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, overall use of MCS devices was constant, and a 2.5-fold increase in intravascular microaxial LVAD use was found along with a corresponding decrease in IABP use and a significant hospital-level variation in MCS device use. These trends were observed despite limited clinical trial evidence of improved outcomes associated with device use.
- Subjects
INTRA-aortic balloon counterpulsation; KRUSKAL-Wallis Test; PERCUTANEOUS coronary intervention; CONFIDENCE intervals; CROSS-sectional method; HEART assist devices; RETROSPECTIVE studies; EXTRACORPOREAL membrane oxygenation; CARDIOGENIC shock; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CHI-squared test; RESEARCH funding; LOGISTIC regression analysis; ODDS ratio; DATA analysis software
- Publication
JAMA Network Open, 2021, Vol 4, Issue 2, pe2037748
- ISSN
2574-3805
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37748