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- Title
Comparison of the Detection Windows of Heroin Metabolites in Human Urine Using Online SPE and LC–MS/MS: Importance of Morphine-3-Glucuronide.
- Authors
Wang, Luying; Ni, Chunfang; Shen, Hongliang; Sheng, Zhenhai; Liang, Chen; Wang, Rong; Zhang, Yurong
- Abstract
Heroin abuse is a serious problem that endangers human health and affects social stability. Though often being used as confirmation of heroin use, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) has limitations due to its short detection window. To compare the detection windows of heroin metabolites (morphine (MOR), 6-MAM, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)) in human urine, an automated online solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated. The limits of detections (LODs) of the four metabolites were in the range of 1.25–5 ng/mL. Intra and inter-day precision for all the metabolites was 0.4–6.7% and 1.8–7.3%, respectively. Accuracy ranged from 92.9 to 101.7%. This method was then applied to the analysis of urine samples of 20 male heroin abusers. M3G was detected 9-11 days after admission to the drug rehabilitation institute in 40% of heroin users while MOR or M6G was not always detected. The detection window of M3G was thus the longest. Furthermore, M3G had a much higher concentration than MOR and M6G. Therefore, M3G could provide diagnostic information with regard to heroin exposure in the combination with other clues (e.g., heroin seizures at the scene).
- Subjects
HEROIN; LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; SOLID phase extraction; HEROIN abuse; METABOLITES; SUBSTANCE abuse treatment
- Publication
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2020, Vol 44, Issue 1, p22
- ISSN
0146-4760
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/jat/bkz040