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- Title
Molecular Mechanisms Linking Risk Factors to Cholangiocarcinoma Development.
- Authors
Ceci, Ludovica; Zhou, Tianhao; Lenci, Ilaria; Meadows, Vik; Kennedy, Lindsey; Li, Ping; Ekser, Burcin; Milana, Martina; Zhang, Wenjun; Wu, Chaodong; Sato, Keisaku; Chakraborty, Sanjukta; Glaser, Shannon S.; Francis, Heather; Alpini, Gianfranco; Baiocchi, Leonardo
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most frequent primary liver tumor in humans. In this review, we report current findings on the mechanisms linking well-known risk factors to this cancer. These pathways may be in part involved in risk factors unrelated to cholangiocarcinoma forms. The poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma in humans is related to several factors, such as (i) the heterogeneity of the disease, (ii) the late onset of symptoms and (iii) the limited comprehension of the carcinogenic pathways determining neoplastic changes, which all limit the pursuit of appropriate treatment. Several risk factors have been recognized, including different infective, immune-mediated, and dysmorphogenic disorders of the biliary tree. In this review, we report the details of possible mechanisms that lead a specific premalignant pathological condition to become cholangiocarcinoma. For instance, during liver fluke infection, factors secreted from the worms may play a major role in pathogenesis. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, deregulation of histamine and bile-acid signaling may determine important changes in cellular pathways. The study of these molecular events may also shed some light on the pathogenesis of sporadic (unrelated to risk factors) forms of cholangiocarcinoma, which represent the majority (nearly 75%) of cases.
- Subjects
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; CIRRHOSIS of the liver; MOLECULAR biology; RISK assessment; CELLULAR signal transduction; BILE duct diseases; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Cancers, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 6, p1442
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers14061442