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- Title
PD-1/PD-L1 axis: implications in immune regulation, cancer progression, and translational applications.
- Authors
Ortega, Miguel A.; Boaru, Diego Liviu; De Leon-Oliva, Diego; Fraile-Martinez, Oscar; García-Montero, Cielo; Rios, Laura; Garrido-Gil, Maria J.; Barrena-Blázquez, Silvestra; Minaya-Bravo, Ana M.; Rios-Parra, Antonio; Álvarez-Mon, Melchor; Jiménez-Álvarez, Laura; López-González, Laura; Guijarro, Luis G.; Diaz, Raul; Saez, Miguel A.
- Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a complex signaling pathway that has an important role in the immune system cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts as an immune checkpoint on the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and myeloid cells. Its ligand, the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), is expressed in the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The binding of both promotes the downregulation of the T cell response to ensure the activation to prevent the onset of chronic immune inflammation. This axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a crucial role in the tumor progression and the escape of the tumor by neutralizing the immune system, the engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1 in the T cell causes dysfunctions, neutralization, and exhaustion, providing the tumor mass production. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 system in immune function, cancer, and the potential therapeutic implications of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer management.
- Subjects
PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors; PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1; IMMUNE checkpoint proteins; MYELOID cells; CANCER invasiveness
- Publication
Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2024, Vol 102, Issue 8, p987
- ISSN
0946-2716
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00109-024-02463-3