We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
Toxic Effects of Urethane Dimethacrylate on Macrophages Through Caspase Activation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation.
- Authors
Chang, Chih-Yang; Chiang, Chen-Yu; Chiang, Yun-Wei; Lee, Min-Wei; Lee, Chien-Ying; Chen, Hung-Yi; Lin, Hui-Wen; Kuan, Yu-Hsiang
- Abstract
Urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) is a dimethacrylate-based resin monomer that can react with other related monomers and inorganic particles, causing hydrophobic polymerization through cross-linking upon light activation. UDMA polymers are commonly used for the reconstruction and reinforcement of teeth and bones. UDMA can become unbound and be released from light-cured polymer resins. Thus far, no evidence exists on the toxic effects of UDMA and its related working mechanisms for macrophages. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity, mode of cell death, DNA damage, caspase activities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with UDMA using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit, Annexin V-FITC and PI assays, micronucleus formation and comet assay, caspase fluorometric assay, JC-1 assay, and 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. Our results show that UDMA induced cytotoxicity; apoptosis and necrosis; genotoxicity, which is also called DNA damage; increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities; mitochondrial dysfunction; and intracellular ROS generation in a concentration-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, based on the observed inhibited concentration parallel trends, we concluded that UDMA induces toxic effects in macrophages. Furthermore, UDMA-induced intracellular ROS generation, cytotoxicity, and DNA damage were reduced by N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
- Subjects
REACTIVE oxygen species; URETHANE; GENETIC toxicology; MACROPHAGES; ANTIBODY-dependent cell cytotoxicity; DNA damage; CELL death
- Publication
Polymers (20734360), 2020, Vol 12, Issue 6, p1398
- ISSN
2073-4360
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/polym12061398