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- Title
4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update.
- Authors
Bissell, Malenka M.; Raimondi, Francesca; Ait Ali, Lamia; Allen, Bradley D.; Barker, Alex J.; Bolger, Ann; Burris, Nicholas; Carhäll, Carl-Johan; Collins, Jeremy D.; Ebbers, Tino; Francois, Christopher J.; Frydrychowicz, Alex; Garg, Pankaj; Geiger, Julia; Ha, Hojin; Hennemuth, Anja; Hope, Michael D.; Hsiao, Albert; Johnson, Kevin; Kozerke, Sebastian
- Abstract
Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 '4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement'. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment; CONSENSUS (Social sciences); MAGNETIC resonance imaging; BLOOD circulation; QUALITY assurance; HEMODYNAMICS
- Publication
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (BioMed Central), 2023, Vol 25, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1532-429X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12968-023-00942-z