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- Title
Personality and All-Cause Mortality: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 3,947 Deaths in 76,150 Adults.
- Authors
Jokela, Markus; Batty, G. David; Nyberg, Solja T.; Virtanen, Marianna; Nabi, Hermann; Singh-Manoux, Archana; Kivimäki, Mika
- Abstract
Personality may influence the risk of death, but the evidence remains inconsistent. We examined associations between personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and the risk of death from all causes through individual-participant meta-analysis of 76,150 participants from 7 cohorts (the British Household Panel Survey, 2006–2009; the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, 2005–2010; the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, 2006–2010; the US Health and Retirement Study, 2006–2010; the Midlife in the United States Study, 1995–2004; and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study's graduate and sibling samples, 1993–2009). During 444,770 person-years at risk, 3,947 participants (54.4% women) died (mean age at baseline = 50.9 years; mean follow-up = 5.9 years). Only low conscientiousness—reflecting low persistence, poor self-control, and lack of long-term planning—was associated with elevated mortality risk when taking into account age, sex, ethnicity/nationality, and all 5 personality traits. Individuals in the lowest tertile of conscientiousness had a 1.4 times higher risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.18, 1.58) compared with individuals in the top 2 tertiles. This association remained after further adjustment for health behaviors, marital status, and education. In conclusion, of the higher-order personality traits measured by the five-factor model, only conscientiousness appears to be related to mortality risk across populations.
- Subjects
UNITED Kingdom; AUSTRALIA; GERMANY; UNITED States; WISCONSIN; MORTALITY risk factors; AGE distribution; CONCEPTUAL structures; CONFIDENCE intervals; CONSCIENCE; STATISTICAL correlation; LONGITUDINAL method; META-analysis; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY tests; RESEARCH funding; SELF-management (Psychology); EVIDENCE-based medicine; PROFESSIONAL practice; SECONDARY analysis; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; PLANNING techniques; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; KAPLAN-Meier estimator
- Publication
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2013, Vol 178, Issue 5, p667
- ISSN
0002-9262
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/aje/kwt170