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- Title
Increased CD4 and CCR5 Expression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry in CD40 Ligand-Stimulated Macrophages.
- Authors
Bergamini, Alberto; Bolacchi, Francesca; Pesce, Caterina Delfina; Carbone, Marica; Cepparulo, Mario; Demin, Flavio; Rocchi, Giovanni
- Abstract
The effects of a soluble trimeric CD40 ligand (CD40L) agonist on the expression of CD4 and CCR5 and on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 entry into and replication in human macrophages were investigated. CD40L increased the number of CD4 and CCR5 antibody-binding sites and the percentage of CD4- and CCR5-expressing cells. Infection of CD40L-stimulated macrophages with HIV-1 resulted in a marked increase of viral DNA with respect to controls, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction assay. HIV-1 p24 antigen analysis showed that peak viral production did not differ between CD40L-stimulated macrophages and controls. However, because of a prolonged life span, overall viral output was increased in CD40L-stimulated cultures. In addition, CD40L down-regulated the antiviral efficacy of compounds that inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. In conclusion, CD40L stimulation of macrophages can contribute to plasma virus load and favor the establishment of a pool of latently infected macrophages that can be reactivated to release virus.
- Subjects
CD antigens; DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections; CD4 antigen; MACROPHAGES; VIRAL genetics
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002, Vol 185, Issue 11, p1567
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1086/340413