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- Title
Different responses of Chlorella vulgaris to silver nanoparticles and silver ions under modulation of nitric oxide.
- Authors
Zhou, Gaoxiang; Xu, Limei; Wang, Haoyu; Sun, Aoxue; Wang, Yong; Li, Xiaochen; Jiang, Ruixue
- Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are widely used in daily life because of their antibacterial properties. A fraction of Ag-NPs are released into the ecosystem during their production and utilization. The toxicity of Ag-NPs has been reported. However, it is still disputed whether the toxicity is mainly due to the released silver ions (Ag+). In addition, few studies have reported the response of algae to metal nanoparticles under modulation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was used as a model organism to study the toxic effects of Ag-NPs and Ag+ released from Ag-NPs on algae under the modulation of NO. The results showed that the biomass inhibition rate of Ag-NPs (44.84%) to C. vulgaris was higher than that of Ag+ (7.84%). Compared with Ag+, Ag-NPs induced more severe damage to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic system II (PSII) performance, and lipid peroxidation. More serious damage to cell permeability led to higher internalization of Ag under Ag-NPs stress. Application of exogenous NO reduced the inhibition ratio of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll autofluorescence. Further, NO reduced the MDA levels by scavenging reactive oxygen species induced by Ag-NPs. NO modulated the secretion of extracellular polymers and hampered the internalization of Ag. All these results showed that NO alleviates the toxicity of Ag-NPs to C. vulgaris. However, NO did not improve the toxic effects of Ag+. Our results provide new insights into the toxicity mechanism of Ag-NPs to algae modulated by the signal molecule NO.
- Subjects
CHLORELLA vulgaris; SILVER ions; NITRIC oxide; SILVER nanoparticles; POISONS; SILVER; PHOTOSYNTHETIC pigments
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 23, p64536
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-023-26846-0