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- Title
Non-invasive quantification of tumour heterogeneity in water diffusivity to differentiate malignant from benign tissues of urinary bladder: a phase I study.
- Authors
Nguyen, Huyen; Shah, Zarine; Mortazavi, Amir; Pohar, Kamal; Wei, Lai; Jia, Guang; Zynger, Debra; Knopp, Michael; Nguyen, Huyen T; Shah, Zarine K; Pohar, Kamal S; Zynger, Debra L; Knopp, Michael V
- Abstract
<bold>Objectives: </bold>To quantify the heterogeneity of the tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using voxel-based analysis to differentiate malignancy from benign wall thickening of the urinary bladder.<bold>Methods: </bold>Nineteen patients with histopathological findings of their cystectomy specimen were included. A data set of voxel-based ADC values was acquired for each patient's lesion. Histogram analysis was performed on each data set to calculate uniformity (U) and entropy (E). The k-means clustering of the voxel-wised ADC data set was implemented to measure mean intra-cluster distance (MICD) and largest inter-cluster distance (LICD). Subsequently, U, E, MICD, and LICD for malignant tumours were compared with those for benign lesions using a two-sample t-test.<bold>Results: </bold>Eleven patients had pathological confirmation of malignancy and eight with benign wall thickening. Histogram analysis showed that malignant tumours had a significantly higher degree of ADC heterogeneity with lower U (P = 0.016) and higher E (P = 0.005) than benign lesions. In agreement with these findings, k-means clustering of voxel-wise ADC indicated that bladder malignancy presented with significantly higher MICD (P < 0.001) and higher LICD (P = 0.002) than benign wall thickening.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>The quantitative assessment of tumour diffusion heterogeneity using voxel-based ADC analysis has the potential to become a non-invasive tool to distinguish malignant from benign tissues of urinary bladder cancer.<bold>Key Points: </bold>• Heterogeneity is an intrinsic characteristic of tumoral tissue. • Non-invasive quantification of tumour heterogeneity can provide adjunctive information to improve cancer diagnosis accuracy. • Histogram analysis and k-means clustering can quantify tumour diffusion heterogeneity. • The quantification helps differentiate malignant from benign urinary bladder tissue.
- Subjects
DIFFUSION coefficients; HISTOPATHOLOGY; BLADDER disease treatment; CYSTECTOMY; HETEROGENEITY
- Publication
European Radiology, 2017, Vol 27, Issue 5, p2146
- ISSN
0938-7994
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1007/s00330-016-4549-2