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- Title
Endogenous Retroviruses and Placental Evolution, Development, and Diversity.
- Authors
Imakawa, Kazuhiko; Kusama, Kazuya; Kaneko-Ishino, Tomoko; Nakagawa, So; Kitao, Koichi; Miyazawa, Takayuki; Ishino, Fumitoshi
- Abstract
The main roles of placentas include physical protection, nutrient and oxygen import, export of gasses and fetal waste products, and endocrinological regulation. In addition to physical protection of the fetus, the placentas must provide immune protection throughout gestation. These basic functions are well-conserved; however, placentas are undoubtedly recent evolving organs with structural and cellular diversities. These differences have been explained for the last two decades through co-opting genes and gene control elements derived from transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). However, the differences in placental structures have not been explained or characterized. This manuscript addresses the sorting of ERVs and their integration into the mammalian genomes and provides new ways to explain why placental structures have diverged.
- Subjects
ENDOGENOUS retroviruses; PLACENTA; WASTE products
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2022, Vol 11, Issue 15, p2458
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells11152458