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- Title
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a review.
- Authors
Zhiya Chong, Cheryl; Lik Wui Tay, Edgar; Ching Hui Sia; Kian Keong Poh; Chong, Cheryl Zhiya; Tay, Edgar Lik Wui; Sia, Ching Hui; Poh, Kian Keong
- Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a unique form of pulmonary hypertension resulting from obstruction of the pulmonary artery by fibrotic thromboembolic material, usually initiated by recurrent or incomplete resolution of pulmonary embolism. This distinct form of pulmonary hypertension is classified under Group 4 of the World Health Organization classification. Further investigations are usually initiated, with transthoracic echocardiography followed by right heart catheterisation and pulmonary angiography as the gold standard. Definitive treatment is usually in the form of surgical pulmonary endarterectomy. Inoperable CTEPH is medically treated with pharmacological agents such as phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and prostacyclin. Recent developments have made balloon pulmonary angioplasty a viable option as well.
- Subjects
WORLD Health Organization; PULMONARY hypertension; THROMBOEMBOLISM; ENDOTHELIN receptors; GUANYLATE cyclase; TRANSLUMINAL angioplasty; PULMONARY hypertension treatment; PULMONARY embolism; CHRONIC diseases; PULMONARY artery; ENDARTERECTOMY; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Singapore Medical Journal, 2021, Vol 62, Issue 7, p318
- ISSN
0037-5675
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.11622/smedj.2021089