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- Title
Molecular Determinants of Chronic Venous Disease: A Comprehensive Review.
- Authors
Costa, Davide; Andreucci, Michele; Ielapi, Nicola; Serraino, Giuseppe Filiberto; Mastroroberto, Pasquale; Bracale, Umberto Marcello; Serra, Raffaele
- Abstract
Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) refers to several pathological and hemodynamic alterations of the veins of lower limbs causing a wide range of symptoms and signs with a high prevalence in the general population and with disabling consequences in the most severe forms. The etiology and pathophysiology of CVD is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, proteomic, and cellular mechanisms that result in changes to the venous structure and functions. Expressions of several genes associated with angiogenesis, vascular development, and the regulation of veins are responsible for the susceptibility to CVD. Current evidence shows that several extracellular matrix alterations (ECM) could be identified and in some cases pharmacologically targeted. This review shows the most up to date information on molecular determinants of CVD in order to provide a complete overview of the current knowledge on this topic. In particular, the article explores the genetic influence, the hormonal influence, ECM imbalance, and histopathology of CVD and the role of endothelial dysfunction in CVD.
- Subjects
CHRONIC diseases; SYMPTOMS; ENDOTHELIUM diseases; VARICOSE veins; ETIOLOGY of diseases
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 3, p1928
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms24031928