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- Title
Subcutaneous injection of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes postprandial glycemia in NIDDM.
- Authors
Gutniak, Mark K.; Linde, Birgitta; Holst, Jens J.; Efendić, Suad; Gutniak, M K; Linde, B; Holst, J J; Efendić, S
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To investigate the effect of subcutaneously injected glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (7-36)amide on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and a secondary failure to sulfonylureas.<bold>Research Design and Methods: </bold>GLP-1 (25 nmol) was injected subcutaneously into either the abdominal wall or the gluteal region at a standardized depth and speed. The injection device was guided by the ultrasound determination of the depth of the fat layer. The peptide was given 5 min before a standard meal. Plasma concentrations of glucose, C-peptide, insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 were followed during 240 min after the injection.<bold>Results: </bold>In control experiments, a significant hyperglycemia was attained after the meal. GLP-1 given into the abdominal wall not only virtually abolished the post-prandial blood glucose rise but significantly decreased glucose concentrations, with a nadir at approximately 25 min after the injection. A rapid rise of C-peptide and insulin levels was observed 10-15 min after the injection of GLP-1. The stimulatory effect of GLP-1 was transient, and, at 45 min after the meal, both insulin and C-peptide levels were almost identical in GLP-1 and control experiments. Significantly lower glucagon concentrations were observed 35-65 min after the peptide injection. GLP-1 concentration in plasma increased from 10 pM to a peak concentration (Cmax) of 70 pM at Tmax 30 min after injection. Then GLP-1 levels rapidly decreased to 25 pM at 95 min and returned to basal at 215 min. The gluteal injection of GLP-1 had similar effects compared with the abdominal administration on plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>GLP-1 is promptly absorbed from the subcutaneous tissue. It exerts a significant blood glucose lowering effect when administered before meals in overweight patients with NIDDM.
- Publication
Diabetes Care, 1994, Vol 17, Issue 9, p1039
- ISSN
0149-5992
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.2337/diacare.17.9.1039