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- Title
Using iOS Smartphone-attached infrared camera for detecting regional skin temperature symmetry.
- Authors
Marcon Alfieri, Fábio; Aquino dos Santos, Artur Cesar; da Silva Dias, Caren; Rizzo Battistella, Linamara
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Regardless of the widespread use of low-resolution smartphone-attached Infra-Red cameras, even in clinical settings, to date, there is little evidence of their reliability. Hence, the purpose of this study was to test the agreement between a FLIR ONE Pro camera and a high-resolution device in detecting thermal symmetry of regional skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a test-retest reliability study with 25 healthy individuals. They were mostly female (68%), of 35.4 (9.9) years of age. Thermal images were simultaneously captured by FLIR T650sc camera and FLIR ONE Pro for iOS, a smartphone-compatible infrared (IR) imaging device. The subjects were placed at 4 meters distance to the FLIRT650sc camera and 1,5 meters away from the FLIR ONE Pro for iOS. Thermographic examinations were conducted, one week apart, each time in the morning. Thermal image recording and subjects' preparation were standardized according to specialized literature, except for acclimation time, room temperature, and humidity. Images were processed by the software FLIR Tools. The cutaneous temperature of lower limbs was assessed in ten different regions of interest: thigh, leg, knee in the anterior view and thigh and leg in the posterior view. Kappa statistics was used to test the agreement of detecting skin temperature symmetry by FLIR ONE pro for iOS compared to FLIR T650sc, and repeatability was assessed by test-retest analysis on two different days. As a secondary analysis, Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC, or c), followed by Bland & Altman Limits of Agreement (LOA), were calculated to test concordance of absolute temperatures between both cameras. RESULTS: Both cameras (FLIRT650sc and FLIR ONE Pro) were able to identify the presence of symmetry in both days of evaluations. Kappa statistics evidenced an agreement of 88% and 90% for the first (test) and the second (re-test) day of temperature collection, respectively (p< 0.0001). Lin's CCC test did not detect satisfactory agreement between both cameras regarding absolute temperature values, regardless of the day. Rho was 0.46 and 0.31 (p<0.001) in the first and second days of data collection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The FLIR ONE Pro for iOS appears reliable to detect qualitative symmetry of skin temperature. However, the absolute temperature values provided by this device should be considered with caution.
- Subjects
SKIN temperature; INFRARED cameras; THERMOGRAPHY; IMAGE processing software; SYMMETRY; ABSOLUTE value; THIGH
- Publication
Thermology International, 2021, Vol 31, Issue 2, p47
- ISSN
1560-604X
- Publication type
Article