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- Title
Partial-arm translocations in evolution of malaria mosquitoes revealed by high-coverage physical mapping of the <italic>Anopheles atroparvus</italic> genome.
- Authors
Artemov, Gleb N.; Bondarenko, Semen M.; Naumenko, Anastasia N.; Stegniy, Vladimir N.; Sharakhova, Maria V.; Sharakhov, Igor V.
- Abstract
Background: Malaria mosquitoes have had a remarkable stability in the number of chromosomes in their karyotype (2n = 6) during 100 million years of evolution. Moreover, autosomal arms were assumed to maintain their integrity even if their associations with each other changed via whole-arm translocations. Here we use high-coverage comparative physical genome mapping of three <italic>Anopheles</italic> species to test the extent of evolutionary conservation of chromosomal arms in malaria mosquitoes. Results: In this study, we developed a physical genome map for <italic>Anopheles atroparvus,</italic> one of the dominant malaria vectors in Europe. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of DNA probes with the ovarian nurse cell polytene chromosomes and synteny comparison, we anchored 56 genomic scaffolds to the <italic>An. atroparvus</italic> chromosomes. The obtained physical map represents 89.6% of the <italic>An. atroparvus</italic> genome. This genome has the second highest mapping coverage among Anophelinae assemblies after <italic>An. albimanus</italic>, which has 98.2% of the genome assigned to its chromosomes. A comparison of the <italic>An. atroparvus</italic>, <italic>An. albimanus</italic>, and <italic>An. gambiae</italic> genomes identified partial-arm translocations between the autosomal arms that break down the integrity of chromosome elements in evolution affecting the structure of the genetic material in the pericentromeric regions. Unlike <italic>An. atroparvus</italic> and <italic>An. albimanus</italic>, all chromosome elements of <italic>An. gambiae</italic> are fully syntenic with chromosome elements of the putative ancestral <italic>Anopheles</italic> karyotype. We also detected nonrandom distribution of large conserved synteny blocks and confirmed a higher rate of inversion fixation in the X chromosome compared with autosomes. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the power of physical mapping for understanding the genome evolution in malaria mosquitoes. The results indicate that syntenic relationships among chromosome elements of <italic>Anopheles</italic> species have not been fully preserved because of multiple partial-arm translocations.
- Subjects
ANIMAL genome mapping; INSECT genetics; ANOPHELES; INSECT evolution; GENE mapping; CHROMOSOMES; KARYOTYPES; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
BMC Genomics, 2018, Vol 19, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2164
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12864-018-4663-4