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- Title
Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 interferon-γ release assay following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
- Authors
Johnson, Síle A; Phillips, Eloise; Adele, Sandra; Longet, Stephanie; Malone, Tom; Mason, Chris; Stafford, Lizzie; Jamsen, Anni; Gardiner, Siobhan; Deeks, Alexandra; Neo, Janice; Blurton, Emily J; White, Jemima; Ali, Muhammed; Kronsteiner, Barbara; Wilson, Joseph D; Skelly, Dónal T; Jeffery, Katie; Conlon, Christopher P; Goulder, Philip
- Abstract
T cells are important in preventing severe disease from SARS-CoV-2, but scalable and field-adaptable alternatives to expert T-cell assays are needed. The interferon-gamma release assay QuantiFERON platform was developed to detect T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 from whole blood with relatively basic equipment and flexibility of processing timelines. Forty-eight participants with different infection and vaccination backgrounds were recruited. Whole blood samples were analysed using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay in parallel with the well-established 'Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare workers' (PITCH) ELISpot, which can evaluate spike-specific T-cell responses. The primary aims of this cross-sectional observational cohort study were to establish if the QuantiFERON SARS-Co-V-2 assay could discern differences between specified groups and to assess the sensitivity of the assay compared with the PITCH ELISpot. The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 distinguished acutely infected individuals (12–21 days post positive PCR) from naïve individuals (P < 0.0001) with 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 T cells, whilst the PITCH ELISpot had reduced sensitivity (62.5%) for the acute infection group. Sensitivity with QuantiFERON for previous infection was 12.5% (172–444 days post positive test) and was inferior to the PITCH ELISpot (75%). Although the QuantiFERON assay could discern differences between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (55–166 days since second vaccination), the latter also had reduced sensitivity (44.4%) compared to the PITCH ELISpot (66.6%). The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay showed potential as a T- cell evaluation tool soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection but has lower sensitivity for use in reliable evaluation of vaccination or more distant infection. With the exception of acute infection group, the PITCH ELISpot S1 + S2 had greater sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses compared with the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay tube Ag3.
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2; MEDICAL personnel; T cells; VACCINATION; INTERFERON gamma
- Publication
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2023, Vol 212, Issue 3, p249
- ISSN
0009-9104
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/cei/uxad027