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- Title
Cumulative Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Stress on Immune Function and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon.
- Authors
Jacobson, Kym C.; Arkoosh, Mary R.; Kagley, Anna N.; Clemons, Ethan R.; Collier, Tracy K.; Casillas, Edmundo
- Abstract
Previous studies have shown that juvenile chinook salmon exposed in the field or the laboratory to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an anthropogenic stressor, are immunosuppressed. It is not known whether simultaneous exposure to natural stressors can increase this immunosuppression. To examine the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on immune function, we infected juvenile chinook salmon with metacercariae of the trematode by exposing the fish to infected freshwater snails . Infected (>300 metacercariae per fish) and noninfected salmon were then injected with either the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 or an acetone-emulphor carrier. B cell function was examined by in vitro hemolytic plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. infection resulted in significantly lower anterior kidney primary PFCs and lower splenic secondary PFCs. The combination of infection and Aroclor 1254 exposure caused a lower anterior kidney primary PFC response than did either stressor alone. The immune function of juvenile chinook salmon was also measured by challenging them with the marine bacterium (formerly known as ). Fish infected with had higher mortalities than noninfected fish when challenged with . These experiments demonstrated that infection in juvenile chinook salmon can impair immune function and disease resistance. The findings also show that in combination these natural and anthropogenic stressors can have a greater negative effect on salmon health than either stressor alone.
- Publication
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2003, Vol 15, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0899-7659
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1577/1548-8667(2003)015<0001:CEONAA>2.0.CO;2