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- Title
Effects of In-Exercise Carbohydrate Supplementation on Prolonged High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Oral Contraceptive Users.
- Authors
Lee, Serene J.L.; Van Rens, Fleur E.C.A.; Peiffer, Jeremiah J.
- Abstract
Purpose: To examine the impact of oral contraceptive (OC) phases on performance, physiological, and subjective responses to prolonged, intensive exercise when carbohydrate (CHO) stores are reduced. Methods: Ten well-trained female cyclists using monophasic OC completed 4 identical trials (>150 min) under conditions of in-trial 60-g·h−1 CHO supplementation (CHO+) or placebo (CHO−) during the sugar- (SUG) and active-pill (ACT) phases of their OC cycle. Each trial comprised two 400-kcal time trials (TT) separated by 1 hour of submaximal cycling at first ventilatory threshold. Results: Change in completion time from TT1 to TT2 was minimized in CHO+ compared with CHO− (4.06 [2.55] vs 6.08 [5.33] min; P =.019, effect size = −0.36). An interaction effect of OC and CHO was observed for time to complete TT (P =.006), mean TT power (P =.002), mean TT heart rate (P =.002), and posttrial emotional balance (P =.020) and negative emotional state (P =.033). In ACT, mean TT power and heart rate were higher in CHO+ when compared with CHO−, resulting in faster TTs in CHO+ and improved posttrial emotional well-being. When CHO was not supplemented, TT power and heart rate were higher in SUG when compared with ACT, resulting in faster TTs in SUG and improved posttrial emotional balance. Conclusion: CHO depletion during ACT negatively influenced TT performance and emotional well-being when compared with SUG. Irrespective of OC pill phase, CHO supplementation should be prioritized to sustain performance and improve postexercise recovery–stress balance.
- Subjects
BLOOD sugar analysis; WOMEN athletes; HEART rate monitoring; EXERCISE therapy; DYNAMICS; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CYCLING; LONGITUDINAL method; ORAL contraceptives; PHYSICAL fitness; PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; DIETARY carbohydrates; ATHLETIC ability; COMPARATIVE studies; DIETARY supplements; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; NUTRITION
- Publication
International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 4, p356
- ISSN
1555-0265
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1123/ijspp.2023-0143