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- Title
Accurate Characterization of Bladder Cancer Cells with Intraoperative Flow Cytometry.
- Authors
Paliouras, Athanasios; Markopoulos, Georgios S.; Tsampalas, Stavros; Mantziou, Stefania; Giannakis, Ioannis; Baltogiannis, Dimitrios; Glantzounis, Georgios K.; Alexiou, George A.; Lampri, Evangelia; Sofikitis, Nikolaos; Vartholomatos, George
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Bladder cancer is a malignancy that predominantly affects male patients. Surgical treatment is the first option for clinical management and cancer cell characterization is critical for tumor margin detection and complete tumor removal. We developed a specialized intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) methodology for bladder cancer cell detection. Our study, including 52 individuals, reveals that iFC is highly specific, sensitive and accurate in detecting cancer cells, based on the quantification of cell proliferation and the presence of tumor aneuploidy. The results of this study advocate further research on the utility of iFC as a next-generation malignancy evaluation technique during transurethral resections. Bladder cancer represents a major health issue. Transurethral resection is the first line treatment and an accurate assessment of tumor margins might warrant complete tumor removal. Genomic instability and proliferative potential are common hallmarks of cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated the utility of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC), a next-generation margin evaluation methodology for assessment of DNA content, in the detection of several types of malignancy. In the current study we investigated the possible value of iFC in the characterization of bladder cancer during surgery. Samples from a population of 52 people with urothelial cancer were included in the study. The total time for iFC evaluation is 3–5 min per sample and included a two-step analysis, including DNA-index and Tumor-index calculation. First, DNA-index calculation revealed 24 hyperploid and one hypoploid tumor. Second, cell cycle analysis and Tumor-index calculation revealed that tumor samples are distinguished from normal cells based on their significantly higher proliferative potential. The standard for iFC evaluation was pathology assessment and revealed that our protocol exhibits an accuracy of 98% in defining the presence of cancer cells in a given sample. Our results support the further assessment of iFC value towards its use as a novel malignancy evaluation tool in transurethral resections.
- Subjects
BLADDER tumors; FLOW cytometry; DNA; STAINS &; staining (Microscopy); TIME; MANN Whitney U Test; CELL cycle; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CELL lines; SENSITIVITY &; specificity (Statistics); RECEIVER operating characteristic curves; DATA analysis software
- Publication
Cancers, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 21, p5440
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers14215440