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- Title
Evaluation of embryonic posture using four‐dimensional ultrasound and virtual reality.
- Authors
Frudiger, Anne; Mulders, Annemarie G. M. G. J.; Rousian, Melek; Plasschaert, Sophie C. N.; Koning, Anton H. J.; Willemsen, Sten P.; Steegers‐Theunissen, Regine P. M.; Vries, Johanna I. P.; Steegers, Eric A. P.
- Abstract
Aim: To assess the possibility of embryonic posture evaluation (=feasibility, reproducibility, variation) at rest at 9 weeks' (+0–6 days) gestational age (GA) using four‐dimensional ultrasound and virtual reality (VR) techniques. Moreover, it is hypothesized that embryonic posture shows variation at the same time point in an uneventful pregnancy. Methods: In this explorative prospective cohort study, 23 pregnant women were recruited from the Rotterdam periconceptional cohort. A transvaginal four‐dimensional ultrasound examination of 30 min per pregnancy was performed between 9 and 10 weeks' GA. The acquired datasets were offline evaluated longitudinally (i.e. per frame) using VR techniques. Results: The ultrasound data of 16 (70%) out of 23 pregnancies were eligible for evaluation. At rest the analysis of the embryonic posture was feasible and showed a strong (>80%) intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility for most body parts. The majority of the body parts were in similar anatomic positions at rest. However, variations in anatomic positions (e.g. 6% rotated head, 9% laterally bent spine), within and between embryos, were seen at 9 weeks' GA. Conclusion: In this unique study, we showed for the first time that embryonic posture measurements at rest can be performed in a reliable way using state‐of‐the‐art four‐dimensional ultrasound and VR techniques. Already early in prenatal life there are differences regarding posture within and between embryos.
- Subjects
NETHERLANDS; FETAL ultrasonic imaging; FETUS; LONGITUDINAL method; FIRST trimester of pregnancy; PREGNANT women; RESEARCH; RESEARCH evaluation; VIRTUAL reality; FETAL development; INTER-observer reliability; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Research, 2021, Vol 47, Issue 1, p397
- ISSN
1341-8076
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jog.14554