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- Title
Optogenetic identification of a rapid eye movement sleep modulatory circuit in the hypothalamus.
- Authors
Jego, Sonia; Glasgow, Stephen D; Herrera, Carolina Gutierrez; Ekstrand, Mats; Reed, Sean J; Boyce, Richard; Friedman, Jeffrey; Burdakov, Denis; Adamantidis, Antoine R
- Abstract
Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep correlates with neuronal activity in the brainstem, basal forebrain and lateral hypothalamus. Lateral hypothalamus melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing neurons are active during sleep, but their effects on REM sleep remain unclear. Using optogenetic tools in newly generated Tg(Pmch-cre) mice, we found that acute activation of MCH neurons (ChETA, SSFO) at the onset of REM sleep extended the duration of REM, but not non-REM, sleep episodes. In contrast, their acute silencing (eNpHR3.0, archaerhodopsin) reduced the frequency and amplitude of hippocampal theta rhythm without affecting REM sleep duration. In vitro activation of MCH neuron terminals induced GABAA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in wake-promoting histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and in vivo activation of MCH neuron terminals in TMN or medial septum also prolonged REM sleep episodes. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of MCH neurons maintains REM sleep, possibly through inhibition of arousal circuits in the mammalian brain.
- Subjects
HYPOTHALAMUS physiology; MELANIN-concentrating hormone; OPTOGENETICS; RAPID eye movement sleep; BRAIN physiology; GABA
- Publication
Nature Neuroscience, 2013, Vol 16, Issue 11, p1637
- ISSN
1097-6256
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/nn.3522