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- Title
Twist is required for establishment of the mouse coronal suture.
- Authors
Yoshida, Toshiyuki; Phylactou, Leonidas A.; Uney, James B.; Ishikawa, Isao; Eto, Kazuhiro; Iseki, Sachiko
- Abstract
Cranial sutures are the growth centres of the skull, enabling expansion of the skull to accommodate rapid growth of the brain. Haploinsufficiency of the humanTWISTgene function causes the craniosynostosis syndrome, Saethre–Chotzen syndrome (SCS), in which premature fusion of the coronal suture is a characteristic feature. Previous studies have indicated thatTwistis expressed in the coronal suture during development, and therefore that it may play an important role in development and maintenance of the suture. TheTwist-null mouse is lethal before the onset of osteogenesis, and the heterozygote exhibits coronal suture synostosis postnatally. In this study we investigated the function of Twist in the development of the mouse coronal suture, by inhibiting Twist synthesis using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides in calvarial organ culture. Decreased Twist production resulted in a narrow sutural space and fusion of bone domains within 48 h after the addition of the morpholino oligonucleotides. Proliferation activity in the sutural cells was decreased, and the expression of osteogenic marker genes such asRunx2andFgfr2was up-regulated in the developing bone domain within 4 h. These results suggest that during establishment of the suture area, Twist is required for the regulation of sutural cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation.
- Subjects
CRANIAL sutures; CRANIOLOGY; SKULL; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; GENES; CELL proliferation
- Publication
Journal of Anatomy, 2005, Vol 206, Issue 5, p437
- ISSN
0021-8782
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00411.x