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- Title
Rapid Disappearance of Poliovirus Type 2 (PV2) Immunity in Young Children Following Withdrawal of Oral PV2-Containing Vaccine in Vietnam.
- Authors
Huyen, Dang Thi Thanh; Mach, Ondrej; Trung, Nguyen Thanh; Thai, Pham Quang; Thang, Ho Vinh; Weldon, William C; Oberste, M Steven; Jeyaseelan, Visalakshi; Sutter, Roland W; Anh, Dang Duc; Thanh Trung, Nguyen
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Due to global shortage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine and withdrawal of oral vaccine containing poliovirus type 2 (PV2), a PV2-containing vaccine was not used in Vietnam May 2016 to October 2018. We assessed the population immunity gap to PV2.<bold>Methods: </bold>A cross-sectional survey in children aged 1-18 months was carried out in January 2018. One blood sample per child was analyzed for presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. In children with detectable anti-PV2 antibodies, a second sample was analyzed 4 months later to distinguish between passive (maternally derived) and active (induced by secondary transmission or vaccination) immunity.<bold>Results: </bold>Sera were obtained from 1106/1110 children. Seroprevalence of PV2 antibodies was 87/368 (23.6%) at age 1-7 months, 27/471 (5.7%) at 8-15 months, and 19/267 (7.1%) at 16-18 months. Seroprevalence declined with age in the 1-7 months group; in the 8-18 months group there was no significant change with age. Four months later, 11/87 (14%), 9/27 (32%), and 12/19 (37%) remained seropositive in 1-7, 8-15, and 16-18 months age groups, respectively.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>We found declining immunity to PV2, suggesting Vietnam is at risk for an outbreak of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus following virus importation or new emergence.
- Subjects
VIETNAM; ORAL vaccines; POLIOVIRUS; HERD immunity; AGE groups; IMMUNITY
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2019, Vol 220, Issue 3, p386
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiz124