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- Title
Effect of family history, obesity and exercise on breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women (Cancer incidence data have been collected under Subcontract 050L-8709-S1149 with the Contractor, Public Health Institute. The subcontract is supported by the California Department of Health Services as part of its statewide cancer-reporting program mandated by Health and Safety Code Sections 103875 and 103885.) The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and no endorsement by the State of California, Department of Health Services, or the Contractor is intended or should be inferred.)
- Authors
Catherine L. Carpenter; Ronald K. Ross; Annlia Paganini-Hill; Leslie Bernstein
- Abstract
We examined effects of obesity and lifetime exercise patterns on postmenopausal breast cancer risk according to family history in a large population-based case control study conducted in Los Angeles County, California, because we hypothesized that both factors would affect risk through similar mechanistic pathways, and that their effects would be stronger among women with a family history. We studied 1,883 postmenopausal breast cancer case subjects and 1,628 postmenopausal control subjects ranging in age from 5572 years. Cases were diagnosed with incident breast cancer in the late 1980s and 1990s. Controls were individually matched to case subjects on age, ethnic origin and neighborhood. In-person interviews determined known breast cancer risk factors including: height, weight, lifetime exercise, and family history of breast and other cancers. Breast cancer risk was raised among women who had at least 1 first-degree relative with breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.362.08). Risk increased with increasing levels of body-mass index (wt-kg/ht-m2) (p-trend = 0.005). Breast cancer risk was reduced among women who maintained, on average, 17.6 metabolic equivalent of energy expenditure (MET)-hr of activity/week from menarche onward (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.480.90). Body-mass index, adjusted for lifetime exercise, was strongly associated with breast cancer risk among women with a positive family history of breast cancer (p-trend < 0.0001), but only weakly associated among women with no family history (p-trend = 0.08; homogeneity of trends p = 0.0005). In contrast, the risk reduction associated with exercise activity, adjusting for body-mass index, was limited to women without a family history of breast cancer (p-trend = 0.001; homogeneity of trends p = 0.005). Body-mass index and exercise activity, both modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, seem to have differential effects depending on a woman''s family history of breast cancer, and may impact risk through different biological mechanisms. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Subjects
LOS Angeles (Calif.); CALIFORNIA; BREAST cancer risk factors; CANCER; CASE studies; OBESITY; CANCER in women; DISEASE incidence; HISTORY
- Publication
International Journal of Cancer, 2003, Vol 106, Issue 1, p96
- ISSN
0020-7136
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ijc.11186