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- Title
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating versus Standard Dietary Advice on Weight, Metabolic Health and the Consumption of Processed Food: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial in Community-Based Adults.
- Authors
Phillips, Nicholas Edward; Mareschal, Julie; Schwab, Nathalie; Manoogian, Emily N. C.; Borloz, Sylvie; Ostinelli, Giada; Gauthier-Jaques, Aude; Umwali, Sylvie; Rodriguez, Elena Gonzalez; Aeberli, Daniel; Hans, Didier; Panda, Satchidananda; Rodondi, Nicolas; Naef, Felix; Collet, Tinh-Hai; Muscogiuri, Giovanna
- Abstract
Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. The goals of our study were two-fold. First, we characterised the relationships between eating duration, unprocessed and processed food consumption and metabolic health. During 4 weeks of observation, 213 adults used a smartphone application to record food and drink consumption, which was annotated for food processing levels following the NOVA classification. Low consumption of unprocessed food and low physical activity showed significant associations with multiple MS components. Second, in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we compared the metabolic benefits of 12 h time-restricted eating (TRE) to standard dietary advice (SDA) in 54 adults with an eating duration > 14 h and at least one MS component. After 6 months, those randomised to TRE lost 1.6% of initial body weight (SD 2.9, p = 0.01), compared to the absence of weight loss with SDA (−1.1%, SD 3.5, p = 0.19). There was no significant difference in weight loss between TRE and SDA (between-group difference −0.88%, 95% confidence interval −3.1 to 1.3, p = 0.43). Our results show the potential of smartphone records to predict metabolic health and highlight that further research is needed to improve individual responses to TRE such as a shorter eating window or its actual clock time.
- Subjects
DIET in disease; FOOD habits; BODY weight; CONFIDENCE intervals; DRINKING (Physiology); NUTRITION counseling; INGESTION; SMARTPHONES; DIET therapy; METABOLIC disorders; PACKAGED foods; TREATMENT effectiveness; PHYSICAL activity; INDEPENDENT living; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; WEIGHT loss; ADULTS
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 3, p1042
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13031042