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- Title
Esterification of Free Fatty Acid in Palm Oil Mill Effluent using Sulfated Carbon-Zeolite Composite Catalyst.
- Authors
Hasanudin, Hasanudin; Putri, Qodria Utami; Agustina, Tuty Emilia; Hadiah, Fitri
- Abstract
Free fatty acid esterification (FFA) in palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out using a sulfonated carbon-zeolite composite catalyst. The catalyst is synthesized with carbon precursor obtained from molasses, which is adsorbed on the surface of the zeolite and then carbonized and sulfonated with concentrated H2SO4 to form a sulfonated carbon-zeolite catalyst composite, which will be used for the esterification catalyst and the optimization process for the esterification reaction is carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM) and experimental central composite design (CCD). Importantly, the observed independent variables were temperature, catalyst weight, and reaction time to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) products. The catalyst was successfully synthesized, which was shown from the SEM characterization strengthened by the presence of a sulfate group in the FTIR results and the calculation results of high acidity properties. Optimization of FFA esterification with SCZ catalyst obtained optimal conditions with a temperature of 79oC, a catalyst weight of 3.00 g, and a reaction time of 134 minutes with a FAME product of 93.75%, considering that the viscosity of biodiesel is below that required by the API.
- Subjects
OIL mills; FREE fatty acids; ESTERIFICATION; CATALYSTS; FATTY acid methyl esters; RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
- Publication
Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2022, Vol 30, Issue 1, p377
- ISSN
0128-7680
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.47836/pjst.30.1.21