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- Title
Co-incidence of Human Papillomaviruses and Epstein–Barr Virus Is Associated With High to Intermediate Tumor Grade in Human Head and Neck Cancer in Syria.
- Authors
Gupta, Ishita; Ghabreau, Lina; Al-Thawadi, Hamda; Yasmeen, Amber; Vranic, Semir; Al Moustafa, Ala-Eddin; Malki, Mohammed I.
- Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (high-risk HPVs) have been recently reported to be co-present with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in different types of human cancers including head and neck (HN), where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Accordingly, we herein explored the prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 80 HN cancer tissues from the Syrian population using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray methodologies. We report that high-risk HPVs and EBV are present in 35/80 (43.7%) and 41/80 (51.2%) of our samples, respectively, and the most frequent HPV types are 33, 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 35, 51, and 31, in this order. More significantly, our data reveal that 25/80 (31.2%) of cancer cases are positive for high-risk HPVs as well as EBV, and their co-presence is associated with high/intermediate-grade squamous cell carcinomas. These data confirm the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in HN cancers in the Syrian population of the Middle East and demonstrate that their co-incidence is linked to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, future studies are required to confirm these data and elucidate the exact role of high-risk and EBV cooperation in human HN carcinogenesis.
- Subjects
SYRIA; MIDDLE East; HEAD &; neck cancer; PAPILLOMAVIRUSES; EPSTEIN-Barr virus; TUMOR grading; HUMAN carcinogenesis; POLYMERASE chain reaction
- Publication
Frontiers in Oncology, 2020, Vol 10, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2234-943X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fonc.2020.01016