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- Title
Novel Formulation of Undecylenic Acid induces Tumor Cell Apoptosis.
- Authors
Day, Zoe I.; Mayfosh, Alyce J.; Giel, Marie-Claire; Hong, Yuning; Williams, Scott A.; Santavanond, Jascinta P.; Rau, Thomas F.; Poon, Ivan K.; Hulett, Mark D.
- Abstract
Undecylenic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is currently in clinical use as a topical antifungal agent, however the potential for therapeutic application in other disease settings has not been investigated. In this study, we describe a novel platform for the solubilization of fatty acids using amino acids and utilize this approach to define a tumoricidal activity and underlying mechanism for undecylenic acid. We examined a novel formulation of undecylenic acid compounded with L-Arginine, called GS-1, that induced concentration-dependent tumor cell death, with undecylenic acid being the cytotoxic component. Further investigation revealed that GS-1-mediated cell death was caspase-dependent with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting a pro-apoptotic mechanism of action. Additionally, GS-1 was found to localize intracellularly to lipid droplets. In contrast to previous studies where lipid droplets have been shown to be protective against fatty acid-induced cell death, we showed that lipid droplets could not protect against GS-1-induced cytotoxicity. We also found a role for Fatty Acid Transport Protein 2 (FATP2) in the uptake of this compound. Collectively, this study demonstrates that GS-1 has effective pro-apoptotic antitumor activity in vitro and, together with the novel platform of fatty acid solubilization, contributes to the re-emerging field of fatty acids as potential anti-cancer therapeutics.
- Subjects
CELL death; FATTY acid-binding proteins; MONOUNSATURATED fatty acids; APOPTOSIS; ANTIFUNGAL agents
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, Vol 23, Issue 22, p14170
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms232214170