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- Title
Causes of death and risk factors among HIV-infected persons in the HAART era: analysis of a large urban cohort.
- Authors
Leone, S.; Gregis, G.; Quinzan, G.; Velenti, D.; Cologni, G.; Soavi, L.; Ravasio, V.; Ripamonti, D.; Suter, F.; Maggiolo, F.
- Abstract
Objective: We aimed to examine the clinical outcome in HIV-1-infected patients after more than 10 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: We analyzed data from 1,236 treatment-naïve adults who had started HAART. The primary endpoint was the yearly prevalence of death for AIDS-related causes (ARC) or for non-AIDS related causes (non-ARC). The data from our cohort were compared with that of the general population (GP) of our region. Results: We observed that 116 patients died, and 58.6% of deaths were non-ARC. The death incidence decreased from 18.8% in 1998-1999 to 1.2% in 2008-2009. The leading causes of death were malignancies (35.3%), infections (21.6%), end-stage liver diseases (18.1%), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (6.9%). Yearly death rates were similar in the HIV-infected cohort and in the crude GP (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-2.5), but when adjusted for age, HIV-infected patients showed a greater risk (OR 7.4, 95% CI 4.1-13.4). The difference was still highly significant when the analysis was restricted to non-ARCs (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.07-9.2). Overall, malignancies (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2.6-12.8) and end-stage liver diseases (OR 35.0, 95% CI 15.5-78.8) were significantly more frequent than in the age-adjusted GP. Conclusions: Despite HAART, HIV-infected patients are at greater risk of death compared to a reference uninfected population.
- Subjects
AFRICA; EUROPE; ITALY; SOUTH America; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; COMPUTER software; CONFIDENCE intervals; DEATH; CAUSES of death; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research; FISHER exact test; HIV infections; HIV-positive persons; METROPOLITAN areas; HEALTH outcome assessment; SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry); T-test (Statistics); U-statistics; SAMPLE size (Statistics); DATA analysis; HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy; TREATMENT effectiveness; DISEASE prevalence
- Publication
Infection, 2011, Vol 39, Issue 1, p13
- ISSN
0300-8126
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s15010-010-0079-z