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- Title
A quantitative review of overjustification effects in persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
- Authors
Levy, Allison; DeLeon, Iser G.; Martinez, Catherine K.; Fernandez, Nathalie; Gage, Nicholas A.; Sigurdsson, Sigurdur Óli; Frank‐Crawford, Michelle A.
- Abstract
The overjustification hypothesis suggests that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic rewards are common in strengthening behavior in persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities; we examined overjustification effects in this context. A literature search yielded 65 data sets permitting comparison of responding during an initial no-reinforcement phase to a subsequent no-reinforcement phase, separated by a reinforcement phase. We used effect sizes to compare response levels in these two no-reinforcement phases. Overall, the mean effect size did not differ from zero; levels in the second no-reinforcement phase were equally likely to be higher or lower than in the first. However, in contrast to the overjustification hypothesis, levels were higher in the second no-reinforcement phase when comparing the single no-reinforcement sessions immediately before and after reinforcement. Outcomes consistent with the overjustification hypothesis were somewhat more likely when the target behavior occurred at relatively higher levels prior to reinforcement.
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR modification; BEHAVIOR therapy; CONFIDENCE intervals; STATISTICAL correlation; DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities; PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities; META-analysis; MOTIVATION (Psychology); PROBABILITY theory; REINFORCEMENT (Psychology); RESEARCH funding; REWARD (Psychology); T-test (Statistics); SYSTEMATIC reviews; THEORY; SECONDARY analysis; EFFECT sizes (Statistics); INTER-observer reliability; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2017, Vol 50, Issue 2, p206
- ISSN
0021-8855
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jaba.359