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- Title
Evaluation of neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS) for skin injury with an overview of the vesicant potential of agent degradation products.
- Authors
E. J. Olajos; C. T. Olson; H. Salem; A. W. Singer; T. L. Hayes; R. G. Menton; T. L. Miller; T. Rosso; B. MacIver
- Abstract
Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea-pigs to determine the vesicant and skin irritation potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). The CAIS are training items that contain chemical warfare-related material—sulfur mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN) or lewisite (L)—and were declared obsolete in 1971. Animals were dosed topically with ‘test article’—neat HD, 10% agent/chloroform solutions or product solutions (waste-streams) from neutralized CAIS—and evaluated for skin-damaging effects (gross and microscopic). Product solutions from the chemical neutralization of neat sulfur mustard resulted in microvesicle formation. All agent-dosed (HD or agent/chloroform solutions) sites manifested microblisters as well as other histopathological lesions of the skin. Waste-streams from the neutralization of agent (agent/chloroform or agent/charcoal) were devoid of vesicant activity. Cutaneous effects (erythema and edema) were consistent with the skin-injurious activity associated with the neutralizing reagent 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH). Chemical neutralization of CAIS was effective in eliminating/reducing the vesicant property of CAIS containing agent in chloroform or agent on charcoal but was inefficient in reducing the vesicant potential of CAIS containing neat sulfur mustard.Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Subjects
ANESTHETICS; CENTRAL nervous system depressants; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA
- Publication
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 1998, Vol 18, Issue 6, p409
- ISSN
0260-437X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199811/12)18:6<409::AID-JAT515>3.0.CO;2-Z