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- Title
Effectiveness of Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications.
- Authors
K. Kamsuk; W. Choochote; U. Chaithong; A. Jitpakdi; P. Tippawangkosol; D. Riyong; B. Pitasawat
- Abstract
Abstract??Recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. In this study,Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent,N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. The oil ofZ. piperitumalone and also with 5% vanillin added repelled laboratory-reared femaleAedes aegyptiwith the median protection times of 1.5 and 2.5?h, respectively. These repellency times were proven to be significantly lower than those of DEET-based products: 25% DEET and 25% DEET + 5% vanillin demonstrating 3.5 and 5.5?h, respectively. However, when applied under field conditions,Z. piperitumoil + 5% vanillin was found to provide better protection against a wide range of natural mosquito populations than 25% DEET + 5% vanillin. While the product of DEET was effective in reducing bites with 99.7% protection, the protective effect ofZ. piperitumoil product appeared complete (100%). It had a protective effect againstAedes gardnerii,Anopheles barbirostris,Armigeres subalbatus,Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Culex gelidus,Culex vishnuigroup, andMansonia uniformis. The better repellency against a wide range of field mosquitoes derived fromZ. piperitumoil products suggested an advantage of efficacy by providing a broad spectrum of activity. Therefore,Z. piperitumcould have potential for use in the development of combined repellents as a natural active ingredient, synergist, or additive to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in situations when DEET is ineffective and impractical.
- Subjects
ZANTHOXYLUM; REPELLENTS; CHEMICALS; RUTACEAE
- Publication
Parasitology Research, 2007, Vol 100, Issue 2, p339
- ISSN
0932-0113
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00436-006-0256-2