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- Title
La linea sottile tra endometrite clinica e subclinica nelle vacche da latte.
- Authors
Bogado Pascottini, Osvaldo; Gnemmi, Giovanni
- Abstract
Half of dairy cows develop one or more types of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive tract within 5 weeks of calving. Among these, clinical endometritis (CE) resulting from the dysbiosis of uterine bacteria and with a greater relative presence of Trueperella pyogenes which, through the production of pyolysin, evokes the lysis of endometrial cells, the massive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and pyogenesis. Consequently, CE is clinically defined as endometrial inflammation accompanied by purulent discharge. However, sometimes purulent discharge is not accompanied by uterine inflammation (vaginitis or cervicitis), which is why it is referred to as purulent vaginal discharge. Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is an asymptomatic uterine disease and has not been linked to a bacterial infection. ESC is believed to be the product of a metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction that compromises innate immune function and the ability of PMNs to undergo apoptosis, necrosis, and ultimately to leave the uterine cavity. Interestingly, CE, PVD, and SCE overlap at the time of diagnosis, which is between 3 and 5 weeks post partum. Therefore, EC, PVD and ESC are hypothesized to be distinct manifestations of inflammatory disease of the reproductive tract. Negative energy balance, systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and changes in the composition of the uterine microbiota are all common phenomena that occur in the transition period of high-yielding dairy cows. These events are perfectly regulated in healthy cows, but there are cows that do not adapt perfectly to the new situation and develop uterine diseases. Therefore, the prevention of CE, PVD and ESC is largely dependent on managing potential risk factors, but the fundamental mechanisms underlying their nature remain obscure.
- Publication
Summa, Animali da Reddito, 2022, Vol 17, Issue 8, p4
- ISSN
1828-5546
- Publication type
Article