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- Title
Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Selected Birth Defects in a Large Multicentered US Case-Control Study.
- Authors
J. Yang; S. L. Carmichael; M. Canfield; J. Song; G. M. Shaw; the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
- Abstract
This study examined individual and household socioeconomic status (SES) in relation to phenotypes of neural tube defects, orafacial clefts, and conotruncal heart defects using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study with 2,551 nonmalformed liveborn controls and 1,841 cases delivered in 1997â2000. The individual SES was measured by maternal and paternal education, occupation, and household income. All individual SES measures were combined to create a household SES index. Elevated risks were found for maternal low education in association with anencephaly and dextrotransposition of the great arteries (dTGA) (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ⥠1.4); paternal low education in association with anencephaly, cleft palate, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and dTGA (AORs ⥠1.4); low household income in association with TOF (AOR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 2.5); maternal operator/laborer occupation in association with cleft palate, TOF, and dTGA (AORs ⥠1.4); paternal operator/laborer occupation in association with spina bifida (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.0); and either parents unemployment in association with dTGA (AOR ⥠1.4). Subjects with the lowest household SES index had the greatest risks of all selected birth defects except TOF. This study reveals consistently increased risks of selected birth defects in association with household SES index but not individual SES measures.
- Subjects
SOCIAL status; PHENOTYPES; HUMAN abnormalities; HEART abnormalities
- Publication
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2008, Vol 167, Issue 2, p145
- ISSN
0002-9262
- Publication type
Article