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- Title
Bias Correction of Global High-Resolution Precipitation Climatologies Using Streamflow Observations from 9372 Catchments.
- Authors
Beck, Hylke E.; Wood, Eric F.; McVicar, Tim R.; Zambrano-Bigiarini, Mauricio; Alvarez-Garreton, Camila; Baez-Villanueva, Oscar M.; Sheffield, Justin; Karger, Dirk N.
- Abstract
We introduce a set of global high-resolution (0.05°) precipitation (P) climatologies corrected for bias using streamflow (Q) observations from 9372 stations worldwide. For each station, we inferred the "true" long-term P using a Budyko curve, which is an empirical equation relating long-term P, Q, and potential evaporation. We subsequently calculated long-term bias correction factors for three state-of-the-art P climatologies [the "WorldClim version 2" database (WorldClim V2); Climatologies at High Resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas, version 1.2 (CHELSA V1.2); and Climate Hazards Group Precipitation Climatology, version 1 (CHPclim V1)], after which we used random-forest regression to produce global gap-free bias correction maps for the P climatologies. Monthly climatological bias correction factors were calculated by disaggregating the long-term bias correction factors on the basis of gauge catch efficiencies. We found that all three climatologies systematically underestimate P over parts of all major mountain ranges globally, despite the explicit consideration of orography in the production of each climatology. In addition, all climatologies underestimate P at latitudes >60°N, likely because of gauge undercatch. Exceptionally high long-term correction factors (>1.5) were obtained for all three P climatologies in Alaska, High Mountain Asia, and Chile—regions characterized by marked elevation gradients, sparse gauge networks, and significant snowfall. Using the bias-corrected WorldClim V2, we demonstrated that other widely used P datasets (GPCC V2015, GPCP V2.3, and MERRA-2) severely underestimate P over Chile, the Himalayas, and along the Pacific coast of North America. Mean P for the global land surface based on the bias-corrected WorldClim V2 is 862 mm yr−1 (a 9.4% increase over the original WorldClim V2). The annual and monthly bias-corrected P climatologies have been released as the Precipitation Bias Correction (PBCOR) dataset, which is available online (http://www.gloh2o.org/pbcor/).
- Subjects
CHILE; ALASKA; HIMALAYA Mountains; CLIMATOLOGY; STREAMFLOW; EVAPORATIVE power; SURFACE of the earth; METEOROLOGICAL precipitation
- Publication
Journal of Climate, 2020, Vol 33, Issue 4, p1299
- ISSN
0894-8755
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0332.1