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- Title
Sex Differences in Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Asians Who Are Nonobese.
- Authors
Chan, Zhiling; Chooi, Yu Chung; Ding, Cherlyn; Choo, John; Sadananthan, Suresh Anand; Michael, Navin; Velan, S Sendhil; Leow, Melvin; Magkos, Faidon; Leow, Melvin Khee
- Abstract
<bold>Context: </bold>The prevalence of diabetes is increasing throughout Asia, even in the absence of obesity, and is lower in women than in men. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood.<bold>Objective: </bold>To evaluate the sex differences in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Asians who are nonobese.<bold>Design: </bold>Cross-sectional study.<bold>Setting: </bold>Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore.<bold>Participants: </bold>Healthy Asian men (n = 32; body mass index, 21.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2; age, 42 ± 14 years) and women (n = 28; body mass index, 21.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2; age, 41 ± 13 years).<bold>Main Outcome Measures: </bold>Insulin sensitivity (insulin-mediated glucose uptake normalized for steady-state insulin; hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), postprandial glucose, insulin and fatty acid concentrations, insulin secretion (mixed meal tolerance test with mathematical modeling), insulin clearance, body composition and fat distribution (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, MRI, and spectroscopy), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake; graded exercise test), and handgrip strength (dynamometry).<bold>Results: </bold>Women had more total body fat but less visceral fat than men; liver and muscle lipid contents were not different. Maximal oxygen uptake and handgrip strength were lower in women than men. The postprandial glucose concentrations were ~8% lower, the insulin-mediated glucose uptake was ~16% greater, and the meal-induced suppression of fatty acid concentrations was significantly greater in women than in men (P < 0.05 for all). However, muscle insulin sensitivity was not different between the sexes. No differences were found in postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates; however, the steady-state insulin clearance was ~17% lower in women.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Asian women who are nonobese are more insulin-sensitive than men at the level of adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle. Therefore, sex differences in glucose tolerance are likely the result of sexual dimorphism in hepatic insulin action.
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2018, pN.PAG
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1210/jc.2018-01421