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- Title
N-Acetyl- l-cysteine protects thyroid cells against DNA damage induced by external and internal irradiation.
- Authors
Kurashige, Tomomi; Shimamura, Mika; Nagayama, Yuji
- Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl- l-cysteine (NAC) on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and micronuclei (MN) induced by internal and external irradiation using a rat thyroid cell line PCCL3. In internal irradiation experiments, ROS and DSB levels increased immediately after I addition and then gradually declined, resulting in very high levels of MN at 24 and 48 h. NAC administration both pre- and also post-I addition suppressed ROS, DSB and MN. In external irradiation experiments with a low dose (0.5 Gy), ROS and DSB increased shortly and could be prevented by NAC administration pre-, but not post-irradiation. In contrast, external irradiation with a high dose (5 Gy) increased ROS and DSB in a bimodal way: ROS and DSB levels increased immediately after irradiation, quickly returned to the basal levels and gradually rose again after >24 h. The second phase was in parallel with an increase in 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The number of MN induced by the second wave of ROS/DSB elevations was much higher than that by the first peak. In this situation, NAC administered pre- and post-irradiation comparably suppressed MN induced by a delayed ROS elevation. In conclusion, a prolonged ROS increase during internal irradiation and a delayed ROS increase after external irradiation with a high dose caused serious DNA damage, which were efficiently prevented by NAC. Thus, NAC administration even both after internal or external irradiation prevents ROS increase and eventual DNA damage.
- Subjects
DNA damage; ACETYLCYSTEINE; DOUBLE-strand DNA breaks; IRRADIATION; IODINE isotopes
- Publication
Radiation & Environmental Biophysics, 2017, Vol 56, Issue 4, p405
- ISSN
0301-634X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00411-017-0711-8