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- Title
Cigarette Smoking, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Opium Dependence.
- Authors
Rajabi, Abdolhalim; Amotevalian, Seyed Abbas; Shojaei, Azadeh; Farjam, Mojtaba; Janani, Leila
- Abstract
Introduction: Gateway hypothesis presumes that using a psychotropic drug can increase the probability of using another drug. On the other hand, the common liability model describes that use of multiple drugs reflects a common liability for drug use, with no specific influence of one particular drug leading to use of another. Mendelian Randomization (MR) can be applied to test which hypothesis is more likely in a given scenario of using drug A in relation to using drug B. As an example, in this study we assessed cigarette smoking in relation to opium use applying a MR analysis . Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The CHRNA3 (rs1051730 T alleles) was used as an instrument for smoking intensity in a MR analysis. Association between rs1051730 T alleles and opium use was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, to generate the causal estimate the cigarettes smoking per day we used the logistic control function estimator. Setting and participants: We conducted a population based case control study in a cohort setting in Fasa, Iran. Overall, 477 cases and 531 controls were selected based on their opium use status at the baseline of cohort study. Results: Smoking quantity (no. of cigarettes) was associated with opium use (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.15-1.19). In the Mendelian randomization analysis, rs1051730 T alleles were associated with increased risk of opium use among ever smokers (OR 5.73, 95% CI 1.72-19.07, per T allele) however we found no evidence of association among never smokers. In IV analysis, showed that on average smoking every 1 more cigarettes per day increases the odds of opium use by 1.17 (OR= 1.17, 95%CI:1.14-1.19(. Conclusions: The MR analysis found a positive finding on the relationship between cigarette smoking and opium use which supports the gateway hypothesis about this example. It adds new information to the gateway theory regarding the relation of cigarette smoking and drug use, and increases our understanding on the importance of tobacco control for prevention of opium addiction. We recommend performing MR analysis for testing the two theories on tobacco, alcohol and marijuana consumption with use of other drugs including heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine.
- Subjects
IRAN; DRUG addiction risk factors; ALLELES; CONFERENCES &; conventions; OPIUM; SMOKING
- Publication
Journal of Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention, 2019, Vol 7, Issue 3, p75
- ISSN
2345-2455
- Publication type
Article