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- Title
Cytokine Profiles Associated With Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID-19 Syndrome.
- Authors
Freitas Queiroz, Maria Alice; Moura das Neves, Pablo Fabiano; Souza Lima, Sandra; da Costa Lopes, Jeferson; da Silva Torres, Maria Karoliny; Vieira Cayres Vallinoto, Izaura Maria; Araújo Bichara, Carlos David; Ferreira dos Santos, Erika; Figueiredo Magalhães de Brito, Mioni Thieli; Soares da Silva, Andréa Luciana; de Meira Leite, Mauro; Póvoa da Costa, Flávia; do Socorro de Almeida Viana, Maria de Nazaré; Barbosa Rodrigues, Fabíola Brasil; Lima de Sarges, Kevin Matheus; Damasceno Cantanhede, Marcos Henrique; da Silva, Rosilene; Carneiro Bichara, Clea Nazaré; Soares van den Berg, Ana Virgínia; Lameira Veríssimo, Adriana de Oliveira
- Abstract
The duration and severity of COVID-19 are related to age, comorbidities, and cytokine synthesis. This study evaluated the impact of these factors on patients with clinical presentations of COVID-19 in a Brazilian cohort. A total of 317 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included; cases were distributed according to clinical status as severe (n=91), moderate (n=56) and mild (n=170). Of these patients, 92 had acute COVID-19 at sample collection, 90 had already recovered from COVID-19 without sequelae, and 135 had sequelae (long COVID syndrome). In the acute COVID-19 group, patients with the severe form had higher IL-6 levels (p=0.0260). In the post-COVID-19 group, there was no significant difference in cytokine levels between groups with different clinical conditions. In the acute COVID-19 group, younger patients had higher levels of TNF-a, and patients without comorbidities had higher levels of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-2 (p<0.05). In contrast, patients over age 60 with comorbidities had higher levels of IL-6. In the post-COVID-19 group, subjects with long COVID-19 had higher levels of IL-17 and IL-2 (p<0.05), and subjects without sequelae had higher levels of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-4 (p<0.05). Our results suggest that advanced age, comorbidities and elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with severe COVID-19 and are good markers to differentiate severe from mild cases. Furthermore, high serum levels of IL-17 and IL-2 and low levels of IL-4 and IL-10 appear to constitute a cytokine profile of long COVID-19, and these markers are potential targets for COVID-19 treatment and prevention strategies.
- Subjects
POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome; COVID-19; CYTOKINES; COVID-19 treatment; SYMPTOMS
- Publication
Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology, 2022, Vol 12, p1
- ISSN
2235-2988
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fcimb.2022.922422