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- Title
Steps toward developing legume cover crop varieties: Study of biomass and nitrogen partitioning and within‐plant δ1<sup>15</sup>N variation of faba bean at different growth stages.
- Authors
Dugger, Chloe; Brasier, Kyle G.; Pahlavani, Mohammad H.; Zakeri, Hossein
- Abstract
Modern legumes are engineered to enhance nutrient allocation to grains and maximize harvest index (HI) and yield. Breeding legumes for cover crop requires optimizing source‐sink relationship to prolong nutrient allocation to vegetative organs, support post‐flowering nodule activity, and extend biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). We studied the variation of faba bean (Vicia faba) germplasm for biomass (DM) and nitrogen (N) allocation to plant organs at the lower and upper parts of the canopy. Three genotypes were established during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, and DM, N, and δ15N of upper and lower leaves, stems, pods, seeds, and pod shells were quantified at vegetative, first‐pod, and full‐pod stages. Of the three genotypes, PI 678631 displayed early vigor, allocated more DM and N in vegetative organs, and accumulated more total DM and N than Windsor and PI 655333 by first‐pod stage. The advantage of PI 678631 over the other two genotypes seemed to be associated with smaller allocation of DM and N in pods at early reproductive phase. These findings support existing variations within faba bean germplasm that can be used to improve its ecosystem service as cover crop. Within‐plant variation of δ15N was minimal, suggesting that under favorable soil N and moisture where N remobilization is low, vegetative organs can serve as proxies to estimate the entire plant %Ndfa (proportion of plant N derived from the atmosphere) prior to plant maturity. The δ15N of plant organs at vegetative and early‐pod stages were similar and consistent with the only whole plant δ15N measurement in 2020. Core Ideas: Developing cover crop varieties requires identifying plant traits that prioritize ecosystem service over grain production.Timing and duration of nutrient allocation to vegetative organs, especially at the lower canopy, can affect legume N accumulation.Variations in faba bean germplasm for allocation of biomass and N to different organs offer potentials to develop faba bean cover crop varieties.Under ideal N and moisture, faba bean leaf and stem can provide close estimates of the whole plant δ15N for %Ndfa estimations.
- Subjects
FAVA bean; CULTIVARS; NITROGEN fixation; LEGUMES; BIOMASS; GRAIN harvesting
- Publication
Crop Science, 2024, Vol 64, Issue 3, p1790
- ISSN
0011-183X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/csc2.21217