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- Title
Disruption of Vitamin D and Calcium Signaling in Keratinocytes Predisposes to Skin Cancer.
- Authors
Bikle, Daniel D.; Yan Jiang; Thai Nguyen; Yuko Oda; Chia-ling Tu
- Abstract
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active metabolite of vitamin D, and calcium regulate epidermal differentiation. 1,25(OH)2D exerts its effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor family, whereas calcium acts through the calcium sensing receptor (Casr), a membrane bound member of the G protein coupled receptor family. We have developed mouse models in which the Vdr and Casr have been deleted in the epidermis (epidVdr-/- and epidCasr-/-). Both genotypes show abnormalities in calcium induced epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, associated with altered hedgehog (HH) and β-catenin signaling that when abnormally expressed lead to basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and trichofolliculomas, respectively. The Vdr-/- mice are susceptible to tumor formation following UVB or chemical carcinogen exposure. More recently we found that the keratinocytes from these mice over express long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) oncogenes such as H19 and under express lncRNA tumor suppressors such as lincRNA-21. Spontaneous tumors have not been observed in either the epidVdr-/- or epidCasr-/-. But in mice with epidermal specific deletion of both Vdr and Casr (epidVdr-/-/epidCasr-/- [DKO]) tumor formation occurs spontaneously when the DKO mice are placed on a low calcium diet. These results demonstrate important interactions between vitamin D and calcium signaling through their respective receptors that lead to cancer when these signals are disrupted. The roles of the β-catenin, hedgehog, and lncRNA pathways in predisposing the epidermis to tumor formation when vitamin D and calcium signaling are disrupted will be discussed.
- Subjects
SKIN cancer; KERATINOCYTES; VITAMIN D; TRANSCRIPTION factors; NUCLEAR receptors (Biochemistry); BASAL cell carcinoma
- Publication
Frontiers in Physiology, 2016, p1
- ISSN
1664-042X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fphys.2016.00296