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- Title
Urinary Biomarkers in Screening for the Usual Intake of Fruit and Vegetables, and Sodium, Potassium, and the Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio: Required Number and Accuracy of Measurements.
- Authors
Suzuki, Aoi; Takachi, Ribeka; Ishihara, Junko; Maruya, Sachiko; Ishii, Yuri; Kito, Kumiko; Nakamura, Kazutoshi; Tanaka, Junta; Yamaji, Taiki; Iso, Hiroyasu; Iwasaki, Motoki; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Sawada, Norie
- Abstract
Because of within-individual variation, surveys to estimate an individual's usual food intake must be conducted over many days, in general. Here, using non-invasive biomarkers, we examined the number of measurements required to screen for the usual intake of fruit and vegetables, in addition to sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Participants were 202 subjects aged 40–74 years from five areas of Japan who completed weighed food records (WFR) and five 24-hour urinary collections (24-h UCs) between 2012 and 2013. The number of 24-h UCs required to screen for intake that deviated from guidelines estimated by the WFR and their accuracies were assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) in a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The single urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio showed moderate performance (AUC value: >0.7) in discriminating deviations from their criteria by respective intake based on the WFR. Urinary potassium excretion also showed moderate performance (AUC value: >0.7) in estimating the intake of vegetables but could not be used to estimate fruit intake even after five collections. The non-invasive measurement of biomarkers in a single 24-h UC showed moderate performance in screening the usual intake of vegetables, as measured based on the 12-day WFR, as well as of sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio.
- Subjects
JAPAN; BIOMARKERS; VEGETABLES; NUTRITIONAL assessment; FOOD consumption; SODIUM; MEDICAL screening; POTASSIUM; FRUIT; URINE collection &; preservation; RESEARCH funding; RECEIVER operating characteristic curves
- Publication
Nutrients, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 3, p442
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu16030442