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- Title
Untangling a Gordian knot: the role of a GluCl3 I321T mutation in abamectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae.
- Authors
Wenxin Xue; Mermans, Catherine; Papapostolou, Kyriaki-Maria; Lamprousi, Mantha; Christou, Iason-Konstantinos; Inak, Emre; Douris, Vassilis; Vontas, John; Dermauw, Wannes; Van Leeuwen, Thomas
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels, including the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) and GABAgated chloride channel (Rdl) are important targets for drugs and pesticides. The macrocyclic lactone abamectin primarily targets GluCl and is commonly used to control the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, an economically important crop pest. However, abamectin resistance has been reported for multiple T. urticae populations worldwide, and in several cases was associated with the mutations G314D in GluCl1 and G326E in GluCl3. Recently, an additional I321T mutation in GluCl3 was identified in several abamectin resistant T. urticae field populations. Here, we aim to functionally validate this mutation and determine its phenotypic strength. RESULTS: The GluCl3 I321T mutation was introgressed into a T. urticae susceptible background by marker-assisted backcrossing, revealing contrasting results in phenotypic strength, ranging from almost none to 50-fold. Next, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce I321T, G314D and G326E in the orthologous Drosophila GluCl. Genome modified flies expressing GluCl I321T were threefold less susceptible to abamectin, while CRISPRed GluCl G314D and G326E flies were lethal. Last, functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the I321T mutation might reduce GluCl3 sensitivity to abamectin, but also suggested that all three T. urticae Rdls are affected by abamectin. CONCLUSION: Three different techniques were used to characterize the role of I321T in GluCl3 in abamectin resistance and, combining all results, our analysis suggests that the I321T mutation has a complex role in abamectin resistance. Given the reported subtle effect, additional synergistic factors in resistance warrant more investigation.
- Subjects
TWO-spotted spider mite; ABAMECTIN; LIGAND-gated ion channels; HERBICIDE resistance; VOLTAGE-gated ion channels; CHLORIDE channels; AGRICULTURAL pests
- Publication
Pest Management Science, 2021, Vol 77, Issue 4, p1581
- ISSN
1526-498X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ps.6215