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- Title
Emission factors and light absorption properties of brown carbon from household coal combustion in China.
- Authors
Jianzhong Sun; Guorui Zhi; Hitzenberger, Regina; Yingjun Chen; Chongguo Tian; Yayun Zhang; Yanli Feng; Miaomiao Cheng; Yuzhe Zhang; Feng Chen; Yiqin Qiu; Zhiming Jiang; Jun Li; Gan Zhang; Yangzhi Mo
- Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) draws increasing attention due to its effects on climate and other fields. In China, household coal burned for heating/cooking purposes releases huge amounts of carbonaceous particles every year; however, BrC emissions have rarely been estimated in a persuasive manner due to the unavailable emission characteristics. Here 7 coals jointly covering geological maturity from low to high were burned in 4 typical stoves at both chunk and briquette styles. The optical integrating sphere (IS) method was applied to measure the emission factors (EFs) of BrC and BC via an iterative process using the different spectral dependence of light absorption for BrC and BC. It is found that (i) the average EFs of BrC for anthracite coal chunks and briquettes are (1.08 ± 0.80) g kg-1 and (1.52 ± 0.16) g kg-1, respectively, and those for bituminous coal chunks and briquettes are (8.59 ± 2.70) g kg-1 and (4.01 ± 2.19) g kg-1, respectively, reflecting a more significant decline of BrC EFs for bituminous coals than for anthracites due to briquetting, (ii) the BrC EF peaks at the middle of coal's geological maturity, displaying a bell shaped curve between EF and volatile matter (Vdaf), (iii) the calculated BrC emissions from China's residential coal burning amounted to 592 Gg (1 Gg = 109 g) in 2013, which is nearly half of China's total BC emissions, (iv) absorption Ångström exponent (AAEs) of all coal briquettes are higher than those of coal chunks, indicating that the measure of coal briquetting increases the BrC / BC emission ratio and thus offsets some of the climate cooling effect of briquetting, and (v) in the scenario of current household coal burning in China, solar light absorption by BrC (350-850 nm in this study) accounts for more than a quarter (0.265) of the total absorption. This implies the significance of BrC to climate modeling.
- Subjects
CHINA; COAL combustion; ANTHRACITE coal; STOVES; LIGHT absorption
- Publication
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2017, p1
- ISSN
1680-7367
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5194/acp-2016-1090