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- Title
Particulate matter in the indoor and outdoor air of a gymnasium and a fronton.
- Authors
Alves, Célia; Calvo, Ana; Marques, Liliana; Castro, Amaya; Nunes, Teresa; Coz, Esther; Fraile, Roberto
- Abstract
An indoor/outdoor monitoring programme of PM was carried out in two sports venues (a fronton and a gymnasium). Levels always below 50 μg m were obtained in the fronton and outdoor air. Due to the climbing chalk and the constant process of resuspension, concentrations above 150 μg m were registered in the gymnasium. The chalk dust contributed to CO concentrations of 32 ± 9.4 μg m in this sports facility, which represented, on average, 18 % of the PM mass. Here, the carbonate levels were 128 times higher than those registered outdoors. Much lower concentrations, around 1 μg m, were measured in the fronton. The chalk dust is also responsible for the high Mg concentrations in the gym (4.7 ± 0.89 μg m), unfolding a PM mass fraction of 2.7 %. Total carbon accounted for almost 30 % of PM in both indoor spaces. Aerosol size distributions were bimodal and revealed a clear dependence on physical activities and characteristics of the sports facilities. The use of climbing chalk in the gymnasium contributed significantly to the coarse mode. The average geometric mean diameter, geometric standard deviation and total number of coarse particles were 0.77 μm, 2.79 cm and 28 cm, respectively.
- Subjects
PARTICULATE matter; PARTICLE size distribution; AIR quality; CARBON; NATIVE element minerals; PEDIMENTS; GYMNASIUMS
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2014, Vol 21, Issue 21, p12390
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-014-3168-1