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- Title
Adsorptive removal of Pb form aqueous solution by macrocyclic calix[4]naphthalene: kinetic, thermodynamic, and isotherm analysis.
- Authors
Ahmad, Rais; Kumar, Rajeev; Laskar, Mohammad
- Abstract
Background: The adsorption characteristics of Pb ions from aqueous solutions onto calix[4]naphthalene have been investigated. Method: Calix[4]naphthalene was prepared by the condensation of 1-naphthol and formaldehyde (1:2) in presence of hydrochloric acid at 80°C. The effect of various operation parameters, such as solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature, on the adsorption capacity of calix[4]naphthalene for Pb have been investigated. Result: Experimental results showed that the adsorption of Pb ions increased with the increase in solution pH and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were used to describe the adsorption behavior of Pb by calix[4]naphthalene. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity of calix[4]naphthalene for Pb at 30°C was found to be 29.15 mg g. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo-second order model and the thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The obtained results demonstrated that calix[4]naphthalene can be used as an effective adsorbent for Pb ions removal from water.
- Subjects
LEAD &; the environment; METAL absorption &; adsorption; AQUEOUS solutions; MACROCYCLIC compounds; NAPHTHALENE -- Environmental aspects; THERMODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC temperature
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2013, Vol 20, Issue 1, p219
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-012-0838-8