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- Title
TGF-β Prevents Phosphate-Induced Osteogenesis through Inhibition of BMP and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways.
- Authors
Guerrero, Fátima; Herencia, Carmen; Almadén, Yolanda; Martínez-Moreno, Julio M.; Montes de Oca, Addy; Rodriguez-Ortiz, María Encarnación; Diaz-Tocados, Juan M.; Canalejo, Antonio; Florio, Mónica; López, Ignacio; Richards, William G.; Rodriguez, Mariano; Aguilera-Tejero, Escolástico; Muñoz-Castañeda, Juan R.
- Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). High phosphate induces a phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteogenic-like cells. This study was aimed to evaluate signaling pathways involved during VSMC differentiation of MSC in presence or not of high phosphate. Results: Our results showed that TGF-β induced nuclear translocation of Smad3 as well as the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers, such as smooth muscle alpha actin, SM22α, myocardin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain. The addition of high phosphate to MSC promoted nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8 and the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin in addition to an increase in BMP-2 expression, calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. The administration of TGF-β to MSC treated with high phosphate abolished all these effects by inhibiting canonical Wnt, BMP and TGF-β pathways. A similar outcome was observed in high phosphate-treated cells after the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling with Dkk-1. Conversely, addition of both Wnt/β-catenin activators CHIR98014 and lithium chloride enhanced the effect of high phosphate on BMP-2, calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity. Conclusions: Full VSMC differentiation induced by TGF-β may not be achieved when extracellular phosphate levels are high. Moreover, TGF-β prevents high phosphate-induced osteogenesis by decreasing the nuclear translocation of Smad 1/5/8 and avoiding the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
- Subjects
TRANSFORMING growth factors; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phosphates; BONE growth; BONE diseases; BONE morphogenetic proteins; CATENINS; MUSCLE cells; PREVENTION
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2014, Vol 9, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0089179