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- Title
Potential application of the culture materials of edible fungi to the organic rice fields: assessments of environmental risks.
- Authors
Lu, Si-Wen; Hu, Xue-Feng; Luo, Fan; Li, Jun; Zhao, Jing-Long; Lan, Guo-Jun; Liu, Liming
- Abstract
Factorial cultivation of mushroom develops rapidly in Shanghai in recent years.According to statistics, the outputs of Agaricus bisporus (AB) and Flammulina velutipes(FV) attained 10,000 tons and 59,000 tons in Shanghai in 2017, respectively. Withthe outputs increasing, the wastes of culture materials also increase, and the reuseof them has become a headache problem. Field experiments were conducted toevaluate the risks of heavy metal contamination after applying the discarded culturematerials of AB and FV to paddy fields as organic fertilizers for the consecutive years2017-2018. The experiments had six fertilizer treatments: the culture material of AB,that of FV, cow manure, swine manure, chemical fertilizer and control (CK). Aplot of the experiments was 25 m2 in area, and each treatment was triplicated. Thecontents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Co in the culture materials of FV are 4.623 mgkg−1, 48.39 mg kg−1, 0.620 mg kg−1, 0.198 mg kg−1, 1.780 mg kg−1, 1.350 mgkg−1 and 0.460 mg kg−1, respectively; those of AB are 9.848 mg kg−1, 97.07mg kg−1, 1.870 mg kg−1, 0.283 mg kg−1, 9.060 mg kg−1, 13.79 mg kg−1 and1.288 mg kg−1, respectively. The FV culture material is mainly made of corn coband wheat straw; while AB, chicken manure and rice straw. Cu, Zn, Ni, and Crcontents in the latter are a little higher than the former. For comparison, Cu, Zn, Pb,Cd, Ni, Cr and Co contents in the swine manure are 117.9 mg kg−1, 412.6 mgkg−1, 2.730 mg kg−1, 0.426 mg kg−1, 11.96 mg kg−1, 8.160 mg kg−1 and 3.080mg kg−1, respectively; and those in the cow manure are 0.560 mg kg−1, 11.98mg kg−1, 0.900 mg kg−1, 0.060 mg kg−1, 4.900 mg kg−1, 7.790 mg kg−1 and0.830 mg kg−1, respectively. Affected by feed additives, the contents of heavymetals in the swine manure are higher than the AB and FV culture materials. Theexperiments indicated that there are no significant differences in the contents ofCd, Pb, Ni, Cr and Co in the soils for the different fertilizer treatments (p >0.05).However, the contents of Cu and Zn in the soils for the swine manure treatment aresignificantly higher than the other treatments and CK (p <0.05). Likewise, no significantdifferences in the heavy metals in the rice for the different treatments were observed(p >0.05). The contents of Pb, Cu and Zn in the rice for the swine manure are alittle higher than the other treatments and CK, but do not attain a significant level(p >0.05). In short, the culture materials of AB and FV are generally cleaner thanthe swine manure, and returning the materials to the fields as organic fertilizersdo not pose environmental hazards to the soils and rice. Promisingly, they can beapplied as environment-friendly manure to the organic rice fields. This work wassupported by the Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China (Grant no. 201809).
- Subjects
SHANGHAI (China); EDIBLE fungi; PADDY fields; SWINE manure; CATTLE manure; POULTRY manure; LEAD toxicology; MANURES
- Publication
Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2019, Vol 21, p1
- ISSN
1029-7006
- Publication type
Article