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- Title
Deep learning–based velocity antialiasing of 4D‐flow MRI.
- Authors
Berhane, Haben; Scott, Michael B.; Barker, Alex J.; McCarthy, Patrick; Avery, Ryan; Allen, Brad; Malaisrie, Chris; Robinson, Joshua D.; Rigsby, Cynthia K.; Markl, Michael
- Abstract
Purpose: To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the robust and fast correction of velocity aliasing in 4D‐flow MRI. Methods: This study included 667 adult subjects with aortic 4D‐flow MRI data with existing velocity aliasing (n = 362) and no velocity aliasing (n = 305). Additionally, 10 controls received back‐to‐back 4D‐flow scans with systemically varied velocity‐encoding sensitivity (vencs) at 60, 100, and 175 cm/s. The no‐aliasing data sets were used to simulate velocity aliasing by reducing the venc to 40%–70% of the original, alongside a ground truth locating all aliased voxels (153 training, 152 testing). The 152 simulated and 362 existing aliasing data sets were used for testing and compared with a conventional velocity antialiasing algorithm. Dice scores were calculated to quantify CNN performance. For controls, the venc 175‐cm/s scans were used as the ground truth and compared with the CNN‐corrected venc 60 and 100 cm/s data sets Results: The CNN required 176 ± 30 s to perform compared with 162 ± 14 s for the conventional algorithm. The CNN showed excellent performance for the simulated data compared with the conventional algorithm (median range of Dice scores CNN: [0.89–0.99], conventional algorithm: [0.84–0.94], p < 0.001, across all simulated vencs) and detected more aliased voxels in existing velocity aliasing data sets (median detected CNN: 159 voxels [31–605], conventional algorithm: 65 [7–417], p < 0.001). For controls, the CNN showed Dice scores of 0.98 [0.95–0.99] and 0.96 [0.87–0.99] for venc = 60 cm/s and 100 cm/s, respectively, while flow comparisons showed moderate‐excellent agreement. Conclusion: Deep learning enabled fast and robust velocity anti‐aliasing in 4D‐flow MRI.
- Subjects
VELOCITY; CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; DEEP learning; SIGNAL convolution
- Publication
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2022, Vol 88, Issue 1, p449
- ISSN
0740-3194
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/mrm.29205